14 Earth Day Facts You Should Know
Updated: Apr. 20, 2023
2023 marks 53 years since the first Earth Day. Here's what to know about the day that raises environmental awareness—and the importance of taking action now.
Brush up on these Earth Day facts for April 22
Earth is a planet with an abundance of natural beauty. The luscious green forests, the breathtaking waterfalls, the rugged-yet-serene mountains—there’s so much to admire and explore on our planet. Luckily, we have a day where we not only admire this natural beauty, but spotlight ways to conserve it for future generations: Earth Day. And there are plenty of interesting Earth Day facts to learn! But, first, a little background.
What is Earth Day?
Earth Day falls on April 22 each year (it falls on a Saturday this year) and is a day to raise awareness about the environmental issues our planet faces. Some people attend environmental conservation and awareness events on Earth Day, while others organize cleanups, plant trees or lead recycling efforts. Even sharing Earth Day quotes on social media raises awareness for its mission. Want to learn more about Earth Day? Read up on these Earth Day facts, like who’s credited with starting it and how many countries observe it. Then, take this Earth Day quiz to test how well you know our planet.
Earth Day started in the 1970s
Earth Day first came into being on April 22, 1970, followed in 1972 by World Environment Day. It has been celebrated ever since, slowly but surely picking up steam as more and more people have recognized the importance of taking care of the earth.
Earth Day is now a global event
Interesting Earth Day fact: It remained a grassroots affair for 20 years, before going global and spreading out to 140 countries in 1990. It’s now celebrated in more than 190 countries, with an estimated 1 billion people the world over participating each year. Here are some reusable versions of things you use every day.
Earth Day was the brainchild of Wisconsin Governor Gaylord Nelson
Gaylord Nelson, a two-term governor of Wisconsin (1958 to 1962), was responsible for focusing his state’s environmental policy, establishing a single Department of Resource Development, a Youth Conservation Corps and setting aside $50 million to buy land and convert it to parks and wilderness areas during the years he was in office. This earned him the nickname “Conservation Governor.”
Nelson was then elected a U.S. senator, where he became known as a champion for the earth, asserting that “Environment is all of America and its problems. It is rats in the ghetto. It is a hungry child in a land of affluence. It is housing not worthy of the name; neighborhoods not fit to inhabit.” Don’t forget to read up on whether plant-based meats are better for the environment.
Earth Day started as a teach-in for the environment
Frustrated by a lack of support for environmental policy among his fellow senators, but inspired by the various youth movements of the ’60s that were pushing hard for meaningful societal change, Nelson devised the idea of a teach-in for the environment in 1969. The plan was to drum up public support for the nascent environmental movement, with an eye toward engendering the political will to make change. Nelson’s idea was so popular that he had to hire an 85-person team to get the first Earth Day off the ground.
Even back in the 1950s and 1960s, the world needed Earth Day
We may think of man-made climate change as a recent development, but it’s one of the most critical Earth Day facts: Even decades ago, the country was a polluted place in need of help. Public lands were dilapidated, factories were free to dump toxins into our waters and industries could churn out pollutants into our air without regulation. As a result, species began collapsing—oysters, for example, were gone from New York Harbor by the early 20th century. Around the time of the first Earth Day in 1970, people were starting to realize that pollution and toxic waste could lead to cancer and other serious health issues.
10% of the U.S. population celebrated the first Earth Day
Nelson chose this date in the third week of April to appeal to his core demographic—students—and April 22 fell between their spring break and final exams. Enormous inspirational rallies were held all over the country, with 20 million people—10% of the U.S. population at that time—taking to the streets. These powerful photos prove the Earth still needs our help.
The first Earth Day spurred immediate action
The impact of that first Earth Day was immediate and profound; by December of 1970, President Richard Nixon had established the Environmental Protection Agency and the Clean Air Act was devised and passed that year. Swiftly on their heels came the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, among other critical pieces of legislation. How many of these questions about Earth can you get right?
The first Earth Day also changed public opinion
The first Earth Day also changed public opinion on environmental protection. History.com reports that according to the EPA, 25% of the United States public said environmental protection was an important goal when polled in May 1971. That was a whopping 2,500% increase compared to 1969.
Earth Day went global in 1990
On the occasion of its 20th birthday in 1990, Earth Day’s organizers decided the time had come to take the movement global— 200 million people in 141 countries participated. The impacts of that day were enormous: It kicked off massive initiatives to recycle and paved the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.
The United Nations joined the celebration in 2000
By the time of Earth Day’s 30th anniversary, coinciding with a brand new millennium, Earth Day was being announced by the United Nations.
“At the end of the 20th and the dawn of the 21st century, the human species had entered a new era where the nature of the entire planet was being fundamentally changed,” the international organization said in a statement about the day. “Humankind was facing epidemics, massive holes in the ozone layer and the change in global climate. In that context, it was necessary to have an informed citizenry, which would take a leadership role in pulling the political and economic forces in the right direction. It was time for a formidable shift, both at high and low levels. In the year 2000, a decision had been made to focus on energy and climate change.”
Earth Day went virtual in the 21st century
The year 2000 also marked the era when the Internet helped spread the message of the need for strong environmental policy far and wide. Being virtually connected allowed 5,000 environmental groups to find each other and coordinate their messaging. It allowed people from 184 countries to join in marches and demonstrations and acts of organizing.
Each year’s Earth Day celebration has a theme
That’s right—Earth Day has a theme each year! This year, it’s “Invest in Our Planet”, which is a continuation of 2022’s theme. According to earthday.org, the theme calls for businesses, organizations and citizens to act now and invest in practices that create a healthy Earth and sustainable future.
Scientists lend their voices and support for Earth Day
Although the March for Science began as its own separate movement in February 2017, by April of that year, it joined Earth Day marches and celebrations in Washington, D.C. and 360 other cities. While the group’s aims of protecting science from “manipulation by special interests” and opposing policies that “threaten to further restrict scientists’ ability to research and communicate their findings” are not solely related to the health of the Earth, they do go hand-in-hand with supporting environmentalists and earth scientists.
Earth Day is still a grassroots movement
While yes, Earth Day has become a global phenomenon, it still counts on local initiatives to demonstrate the power of change on a smaller but still-critical level. A few examples: In 2015, Tanzania led efforts to protect the Usambara Mountains, including teaching residents about how to conserve water; in Puerto Rico, celebrations centered around the establishment of a new eco-park and an initiative was put in place to keep the island trash free for 100 days.
There’s still a lot of work to be done
As Earth Day’s founding organization reports, all this interest and action has not been without its counterpoint from climate change deniers, lobbyists, politicians and more. Despite the challenges, it’s an Earth Day fact that the day is considered “the largest secular observance in the world.” That is no small feat, and although corporate interests continue to plague meaningful efforts at policy change to make the world more livable, the fact that, by 2010, Earth Day had coordinated with 75,000 global partners—and that number has only grown since then—is cause for celebration.
Sources:
- History.com: “Earth Day 2023”
- Earthday.org: “Earthday.org Announces Theme For Earth Day 2023: “Invest In Our Planet””
